（同步语法讲练）新人教版 高中英语 必修三Unit 1
Book 3 Unit1动词-ing形式的用法（一）----作定语和表语
动词-ing形式包括动名词和现在分词。动名词既有动词的特征,可以带宾语，又有名词的特征,在句子中的用法及功能与名词的作用相同，可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语；现在分词在句子中可作状语、定语、补足语、表语等成分。动词-ing形式有时态和语态的变化，否定形式在doing之前加not。
一．动词-ing形式的时态和语态
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1.一般式 (not)doing (主动) (not)being done（被动） |
表示一般性的动作或者是与谓语动词同时发生的动作 |
Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。 She didn't mind being left alone at home . He stood there waiting for a bus.他站在那里等公交车。 Not knowing how to work out the difficult problem ,he asked the teacher for help . 不知道怎么解决这个难题，他向老师求助。 |
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2.完成式 (not)having done (主动) (not)having been done（被动） |
表示动作发生在谓语动词之前 |
I regret having said some rude words to my brother.我后悔对我弟弟说了些粗话。 Tony was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party. 汤姆因没被邀请参加聚会而不高兴。 Not having finished the work, they had to stay there for another two weeks.没完成工作，他们不得不在那里再呆两周。 Having been told many times, he finally understood it. 说过很多遍后他才理解。 |
二．动词-ing形式作定语
（一）位置
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1. 如果是单个的动词-ing形式作定语, 常放在被修饰词前作前置定语。 |
There is a swimming pool behind the beautiful garden. 在这个美丽的花园后面有一个游泳池。 He asked me an embarrassing question. 他问了我一个令人尴尬的问题。 Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 不要发出太大声音, 有个正在睡觉的孩子。 |
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2. 如果是动词-ing形式短语作定语, 则放在被修饰词后作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 |
The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 站在那里的人是皮特的父亲。 |
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3. 动词-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语, 放在被修饰词后，用逗号分开，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 |
His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. =His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他的哥哥，是个老师，住在北京。 |
（二）用法
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1. 动名词作定语表“用途”。 |
a swimming pool =a pool for swimming 游泳池 a sleeping car =a car for sleeping卧铺 a walking stick =a stick for walking 手杖 a waiting room =a room for waiting 候车室 reading materials =materials for reading 阅读材料 |
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2. 表“情感类”的分词作定语，已具有形容词词性： doing（令人……的） done（人感到……的） |
It was a tiring day. It made me tired. 真是累人的一天。它使我感到很累。 The explanation was confusing. I got confused. 这个讲解是令人费解的，我被弄糊涂了。 |
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3. 现在分词作定语： 1.doing（主动进行） 2.being done（被动进行） 3. having done（主动完成） 4.having been done（被动完成） （注意：having done和 having been done一般不用做定语，但可作非限制性后置定语，并且多和完成时态的时间状语连用。） |
Do you know the man talking to Tom?你认识正在和汤姆谈话的那个人吗？（=who is talking to Tom） The houses being built now are for the teachers. 正在被建的那些房子是为老师们建的。（=which are being built now） Tom, having worked hard for years ,finally succeeded.汤姆多年努力工作后，终于成功了。（=who had worked hard for years） The problem, having been discussed for years, was solved. 讨论了多年的问题被解决了。（=which had been discussed for years） |
注意以下几个方面的区别：
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1. 动名词和现在分词作定语。 |
动名词作定语表“用途”；现在分词作定语表“正在进行”。 |
a swimming pool =a pool for swimming 游泳池（动名词作定语） a swimming boy =a boy who is swimming一个正在游泳的男孩（现在分词作定语） |
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2.现在分词的被动式和过去分词作定语。 |
1. being done表示“正在被做的动作”。 2. having been done表示“已经被做完的动作”， 可作非限制性后置定语， 并且多和完成时态的时间状语连用。 3. done表示“已经被做完的动作”， 多和一般过去时态的时间状语连用。 |
The building being built now is a lab. 现在正在被建的大楼是实验室。(= which is being built now) The building built last year is a lab.去年建成的大楼是实验室。(= which was built last year) The problem, having been discussed for years, was solved. 讨论了多年的问题被解决了。（=which had been discussed for years） The problem, discussed yesterday, was solved. 昨天讨论的问题被解决了。(=which was discussed yesterday） |
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3.有些不及物动词的现在分词和过去分词作定语。 |
不及物动词的现在分词作定语，表进行，过去分词作定语，只表完成。 |
falling leaves正在落的叶子 fallen leaves落下的叶子 boiling water沸水 boiled water 开过的水 the developing countries 发展中国家 the developed countries 发达国家 |
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4. 表示“情感类”的转化成形容词的分词： |
现在分词doing（令人……的） 过去分词done（人感到……的） |
常见的有： amaze(惊奇), amuse(高兴、开心), astonish(惊异、吃惊), annoy(厌烦), bore(烦恼), confuse(迷惑), depress(抑郁), disappoint(失望), delight(快乐), encourage(鼓舞),embarrass(尴尬、难为情), excite(激动), frighten(害怕), interest(感兴趣), impress(印象深刻), move(感动),please(高兴),puzzle(迷惑),relax(放松), satisfy(满意), surprise(惊讶), shock(震惊),tire(疲劳、厌烦), terrify(可怕),touch(打动),thrill(兴奋),worry(担心) 等。 （注意：修饰人的声音，表情等，用-ed形式。 如：his excited voice/look/expression他兴奋的声音/表情） |
三．动词-ing形式作表语
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1.动名词做表语用来说明主语的具体内容，主语和表语可以互换位置，意思不变。 |
My job is teaching.=Teaching is my job. 我的工作是教书。 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 他的爱好是集邮。 |
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2. 表“情感类”的分词作表语，已具有形容词词性： doing（令人……的） done（人感到……的） |
I thought the lesson was interesting.我认为课程是很有趣的。 The tiger was frightening and he was too frightened to move. 老虎很可怕，他吓得不敢动了。 |
【巩固练习】
语法填空
1.It is________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.
2.Buying a car issimply _______(waste) money.
3.Please stopmaking the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy).
4.Our job is ______ (play) all kinds ofmusic.
5. The patient hasstayed in the _______ (wait) room for half an hour.
6.The music theyare playing sounds so______ ( excite).
7. The taxi ______(take) us to the airport broke down.
8.The __________(frighten) scene shocked us.
9.Going camping is__________ (interest) and _______ (excite).
10.His concern forhis mother is most______ ( touch).
11.Anybody _____(swim) in this river will be fined.
12. The young man_______ (sit) between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.
13. A person_______ (run) regularly in the morning is healthier than a non-runner.
14.The problem________ (discuss) now is about food safety.
15.The man _____ (question) by the policeman now is connected with the traffic accident.
16.There is a note pinned to the door______（say）when the shop will open again.
17.Today there are more airplanes________(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.
18.Last night, there were millions ofpeople _______ (watch)the opening ceremony live on TV.
答案：
1.amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying 4. playing 5. waiting 6. exciting 7.taking
8. frightening 9. interesting; exciting 10. touching 11. swimming 12. sitting
13.running 14.being discussed 15. being questioned 16. saying 17. carrying
18. watching