20190726长难句 / 四六文摘

【昨日回顾】

Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages. Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.

Gray和他的同事们通过分析四个语系树谱图对这两种理论进行了检验，这些树谱图呈现了2000多种语言。乔姆斯基的语法本应体现不受语系树谱图或其演变路径影响的语言变化模式，而柏林伯格的普遍性理论可以推测出某些特殊语序关系之间有极强的相互依赖型。

【今日长难句】

Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals. It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression.

【结构解析】

1. 首句主干为被动句，即：Neither of these patterns/ is borne out by the analysis

2. suggesting that …为伴随状语，that 从句做suggesting的宾语，that the structures of the languages are lineage-specific and not governed by universals

3. 二句主干为it is speculated that … 其中it做形式主语，that从句为真正的主语；译为：据推测。

4. that 从句主干为“主谓”结构，即：gardens/ arise from a basic need; in the individuals 为basic need 的后置定语。who引导英语从句修饰 the individuals; the need for creative expression 是对a basic need 的解释说明。

【词的处理】

bear out 证实

analysis / əˈnæləsis / n. 分析

governed / ˈɡʌvn/ vt. 控制

universal / ˌju:niˈvə:sl/ adj. 普遍的 n. 一般性，普遍性

lineage / ˈliniidʒ / n. 世系；谱系；家系

speculate / ˈspekjuleit / vt. 猜测，估计

arise / əˈraiz / 发生，产生，出现

arise from 产生于

individuals / ˌindiˈvidʒuəl / n. 个人

creative / kriˈeitiv / adj. 创造性的

【参考译文】

Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lineage-specific and not governed by universals. It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression.

两种模式都没有通过分析得到证实，这说明语言的结构具有谱系特异性，并非是由普遍性所支配。据推测，花园产生于花园建造者基本的人类需求，即创造性表达的需求。

【明日预告】

There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.

你的考研动力之一，戳👉考研录取通知书集锦

经验分享，助力你考研上岸

大连理工新闻传播经验分享

跨专业考研上岸上海科技大学计算机专业

上岸中国传媒大学：一篇吐血经验分享

三本三跨，上岸“五院四系”之中南财经政法大学

调剂录取211，政治76：分享我的五轮复习经验

上岸北京印刷学院新闻传播：英语86、专业课141分

逆袭：从三本到南京大学，已立志考博

从二本到北大，城市设计专业，一战成硕

跨专业复试第一：一战录取到北京体育大学健美操专业

来自北大医学部小姐姐的经验分享：不能辜负昨天还在努力的自己