参考文献[1] Jepsen S, Klaerke A, Nielsen P H, et al. Negative effect of Metoclopramide in postoperative adynamic ileus. A prospective, randomized, double blind study[J]. The British Journal of Surgery, 1986, 73(4): 290–291.[2] Cheape J D, Wexner S D, James K, et al. Does metoclopramide reduce the length of ileus after colorectal surgery? A prospective randomized trial[J]. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, 1991, 34(6): 437–441.[3] Tollesson P O, Cassuto J, Faxén A, et al. Lack of effect of metoclopramide on colonic motility after cholecystectomy[J]. The European Journal of Surgery = Acta Chirurgica, 1991, 157(5): 355–358.[4] Traut U, Brügger L, Kunz R, et al. Systemic prokinetic pharmacologic treatment for postoperative adynamic ileus following abdominal surgery in adults[J]. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2008(1): CD004930.[5] Holte K, Kehlet H. Postoperative ileus: a preventable event[J]. The British Journal of Surgery, 2000, 87(11): 1480–1493.[6] Delaney C P, Senagore A J, Viscusi E R, et al. Postoperative upper and lower gastrointestinal recovery and gastrointestinal morbidity in patients undergoing bowel resection: pooled analysis of placebo data from 3 randomized controlled trials[J]. American Journal of Surgery, 2006, 191(3): 315–319.[7] Vather R, Trivedi S, Bissett I. Defining postoperative ileus: results of a systematic review and global survey[J]. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery: Official Journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, 2013, 17(5): 962–972.[8] Chapuis P H, Bokey L, Keshava A, et al. Risk factors for prolonged ileus after resection of colorectal cancer: an observational study of 2400 consecutive patients[J]. Annals of Surgery, 2013, 257(5): 909–915.[9] Corcoran T, Rhodes J E J, Clarke S, et al. Perioperative fluid management strategies in major surgery: a stratified meta-analysis[J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2012, 114(3): 640–651.[10] Noble E J, Harris R, Hosie K B, et al. Gum chewing reduces postoperative ileus? A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. International Journal of Surgery (London, England), 2009, 7(2): 100–105.[11] Short V, Herbert G, Perry R, et al. Chewing gum for postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function[J]. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(2): CD006506.[12] Pereira Gomes Morais E, Riera R, Porfírio G J, et al. Chewing gum for enhancing early recovery of bowel function after caesarean section[J]. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016, 10: CD011562.[13] Narita K, Tsunoda A, Takenaka K, et al. Effect of mosapride on recovery of intestinal motility after hand-assisted laparoscopic colectomy for carcinoma[J]. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, 2008, 51(11): 1692–1695.[14] Toyomasu Y, Mochiki E, Morita H, et al. Mosapride citrate improves postoperative ileus of patients with colectomy[J]. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery: Official Journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, 2011, 15(8): 1361–1367.[15] Vather R, Josephson R, Jaung R, et al. Gastrografin in Prolonged Postoperative Ileus: A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial[J]. Annals of Surgery, 2015, 262(1): 23–30.[16] Ng S S M, Leung W W, Mak T W C, et al. Electroacupuncture reduces duration of postoperative ileus after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer[J]. Gastroenterology, 2013, 144(2): 307-313.e1.