辅酶Q10如何促进癌症转移

  辅酶Q10是重要的抗氧化剂,广泛存在于生物细胞和各种食物,可激活细胞有氧呼吸和能量代谢,已被批准用于治疗心血管和肝脏疾病、减轻放化疗对心脏和肝脏的毒性,还号称可抗衰老、提高免疫力。不过,2019年美国临床肿瘤学会《临床肿瘤学杂志》发表的西南肿瘤学组乳腺癌化疗研究(SWOG S0221)关联研究(DELCaP)分析报告发现,治疗前且治疗期间服用与未服用辅酶Q10的乳腺癌患者相比,复发转移风险高75%(校正后风险比:1.75,95%置信区间:0.77~4.01),总体死亡风险高104%(校正后风险比:2.04,95%置信区间:0.82~5.09)。美国癌症学会认为:辅酶Q10可能降低放化疗效果,大多数肿瘤科医师建议癌症治疗期间避免服用。可是,关于辅酶Q10对癌症转移的作用机制尚不明确。

  2021年8月18日,美国癌症研究协会《癌症研究》在线发表复旦大学附属肿瘤医院余天剑、刘莹莹、李小光、连璧、卢训西、金希、邵志敏、胡欣、狄根红、江一舟等学者的研究报告,发现了辅酶Q10促进三阴性乳腺癌转移的关键机制。

  该研究利用复旦大学附属肿瘤医院既往建立的三阴性乳腺癌患者队列多组学特征数据库,确定癸烯二磷酸合酶亚基1编码基因PDSS1是三阴性乳腺癌转移的必需基因。三阴性乳腺癌组织与邻近正常组织相比,PDSS1表达水平显著较高。PDSS1表达水平较高与较低的三阴性乳腺癌患者相比,无复发生存率显著较低。利用基因技术减少PDSS1基因表达,可抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞迁移、浸润和远处转移。

  根据机制分析,PDSS1可提高细胞内的辅酶Q10水平和钙水平,从而诱发钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白质激酶CAMK2A磷酸化,这对于细胞质信号转导及转录激活蛋白STAT3磷酸化至关重要。磷酸化STAT3进入细胞核,可促进致癌STAT3信号传导和三阴性乳腺癌转移,而STAT3磷酸化抑制剂(例如Stattic)可有效阻断PDSS1诱发的体外细胞迁移和浸润以及体内肿瘤转移。

  因此,该研究结果表明,PDSS1→辅酶Q10→CAMK2A→STAT3致癌信号传导轴激活可促进三阴性乳腺癌转移,为扩大三阴性乳腺癌精准治疗奠定了基础。

相关链接

Cancer Res. 2021 Aug 18. Online ahead of print.

PDSS1-mediated activation of CAMK2A-STAT3 signaling promotes metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer.

Yu TJ, Liu YY, Li XG, Lian B, Lu XX, Jin X, Shao ZM, Hu X, Di GH, Jiang YZ.

Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Genomic alterations are crucial for the development and progression of human cancers. Copy number gains found in genes encoding metabolic enzymes may induce triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) adaptation. However, little is known about how metabolic enzymes regulate TNBC metastasis. Using our previously constructed multiomic profiling of a TNBC cohort, we identified decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 1 (PDSS1) as an essential gene for TNBC metastasis. PDSS1 expression was significantly upregulated in TNBC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues and was positively associated with poor survival among TNBC patients. PDSS1 knockdown inhibited TNBC cell migration, invasion, and distant metastasis. Mechanistically, PDSS1, but not a catalytically inactive mutant, positively regulated the cellular level of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and intracellular calcium levels, thereby inducing CAMK2A phosphorylation, which is essential for STAT3 phosphorylation in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylated STAT3 entered the nucleus, promoting oncogenic STAT3 signaling and TNBC metastasis. STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitors (e.g., Stattic) effectively blocked PDSS1-induced cell migration and invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our study highlights the importance of targeting the previously uncharacterized PDSS1/CAMK2A/STAT3 oncogenic signaling axis, expanding the repertoire of precision medicine in TNBC.

PMID: 34408002

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-0747

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