欧洲四国游之四，（游瑞士的琉森湖、石丹峰，意大利的比萨斜塔、佛罗伦萨市政广场和圣母百花大教堂，……。...
Four countries in Europe (Lake Ryukyu and Mount Shidan in Switzerland, Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, Florence Municipal Square and Notre Dame Baihua Cathedral, ...... ) Xie wenyi
漫游欧洲意大利、德国、法国和瑞士四国（四），（入住法国第戎一葡萄小镇，游瑞士的因特拉肯、琉森湖和琉森的“濒死的狮子像”、石丹峰、卢加诺、意大利的比萨斜塔、圣十字大教堂、佛罗伦萨市政广场和圣母百花大教堂）
——謝文逸撰
Roaming Europe, Italy, Germany, France and Switzerland (4), (staying in a grape town in Dijon, France, touring Switzerland's Interlaken, Lake Ryusen and Ryusen's 'dying lion image', Mount Shidan, Lugano, Italy's Leaning Tower of Pisa, Saint Cross Cathedral, Florence Municipal Plaza and Notre Dame Baihua Cathedral)
-Xie wenyi
离开巴黎凡尔赛宫后，我们乘车赶往第戎，当晚，入住在一个法国小镇，小镇清洁，环境优美，……。
After leaving the Versailles Palace in Paris, we drove to Dijon. That night, we stayed in a small French town with clean and beautiful environment.
周围有不少葡萄园，我们猜想：这里大概是箸名的法国葡萄酒的生产基地之一；或者至少也是为葡萄酒厂提供原料的葡萄生产基地。
There are many vineyards around, we guess: This is probably one of the production bases of the famous French wine, or at least the grape production base that provides raw materials for the winery.
因特拉肯，是瑞士的一个世界著名的旅游城市。它因欧洲瑞士一个箸名的“欧洲脊梁”少女峰而闻名于全球，拉丁文的原意即是“两湖之间”，位于图恩湖及布里恩茨湖之间，又名湖间镇。这里整年气候温暖，环境优美，是有名的维多利亚式度假地。
2019年8月26日，我们乘车到达了瑞士的因特拉肯。
Interlaken is a world famous tourist city in Switzerland. It is famous all over the world for a famous 'backbone of Europe' young woman peak in Europe Switzerland. Latin originally means 'between two lakes', which is located between lake toon and lake brentz, also known as the town between lakes. The climate is warm and the environment is beautiful all year round. It is a famous Victorian resort.
On August 26, 2019, we arrived in Interlaken, Switzerland.
由于因特拉肯气候温和环境优美，最适合各种消闲的活动和运动。同时，这里可观看到远处的雪山，……。
看！一些滑翔运动爱好者正在天空滑翔，……。
Due to its mild climate and beautiful environment, Interlaken is most suitable for all kinds of leisure activities and sports. At the same time, the snow mountain in the distance can be seen here.
Look! Some gliding enthusiasts are gliding in the sky.
在瑞士的著名的旅游城市的这个商城里，有多款精美的瑞士名表出售，……。
In this mall in Switzerland's famous tourist city, there are many exquisite Swiss watches on sale, ......
下午，我们前往了琉森。
琉森湖是瑞士的第四大湖，也是完全位于瑞士境内的第一大湖，……。
In the afternoon, we went to Ryukyu.
Ryukyu Lake is the fourth largest lake in Switzerland and the largest lake completely located in Switzerland.
琉森湖湖面宽广美丽，湖岸线蜿蜒曲折，很多湖岸线是耸起达海拔1500米的峭壁和山峰，由此产生出不少的美丽的风景区。
由于琉森湖独特的风光，所以无论是在瑞士本地人心中还是外国游客中间，琉森都成了非常受欢迎的旅游所选目的地。所以，常有不少游客前来此游玩，故此，湖畔产生出了不少的珠宝、名牌瑞士手表的专卖店和很多酒店和度假地，给当地带来了繁荣，……。
The lake surface of Ryukyusen Lake is broad and beautiful, and the coastline of the lake twists and turns. Many of the coastline are cliffs and peaks rising up to 1500 meters above sea level, thus creating many beautiful scenic areas.
Because of the unique scenery of Lake Ryukyu, Ryukyu has become a very popular tourist destination for both Swiss locals and foreign tourists. Therefore, many tourists often come to visit here. As a result, many jewelry, famous Swiss watch shops and many hotels and resorts have been created along the lake, bringing prosperity to the area.
卡佩尔廊桥，是欧洲最古老的木制廊桥，横跨在琉森湖湖面，是琉森的重要的标志。卡佩尔在德语中是“小教堂”的意思，它是因为桥头不远处有圣彼得教堂，廊桥因此又得名“教堂桥”，……。
Capel Langqiao, the oldest wooden Langqiao in Europe, straddles the Ryukyu Lake and is an important symbol of Ryukyu. Capel means 'chapel' in German. It is because there is St. Peter's Church not far from the bridge, hence the name 'Church Bridge'.
卡佩尔廊桥始建于1333年。桥长约200米，桥身中间的一折弯处还建有一石头修建的34米高的独居特色的八角型水塔。廊桥的另一特色是顶部每隔几米就有一幅彩画，共有110幅，它们始绘制于17世纪，每幅画的内容多为卢塞恩的历史风貌和琉森历史英雄人物的故事。另外，廊桥两边还有不少鲜花相衬。
这宽阔的蓝色的湖水、古朴的古塔以及桥上红艳艳的鲜花配上弯曲的古老的廊桥，形成了一种古朴的独居特色的景观。可惜1993年一场大火烧毁了卡佩尔桥的大半，而现存的卡佩尔桥是火灾后修复的，……。
Capel Langqiao was built in 1333. The bridge is about 200 meters long, and a 34-meter-high octagonal water tower built by Stone is also built at a bend in the middle of the bridge. Another feature of the covered bridge is that there is a color painting at the top every few meters, with a total of 110 paintings. They were painted in the 17th century. Each painting mainly contains the historical features of Lucerne and the stories of historical heroes in Lucerne. In addition, there are many flowers on both sides of the covered bridge.
The broad blue lake, ancient pagodas and red flowers on the bridge, coupled with the curved ancient covered bridges, form an ancient solitary landscape. It's a pity that a fire destroyed more than half of the Capel Bridge in 1993, and the existing Capel Bridge was repaired after the fire.
在卡佩尔廊桥旁边的湖边，我们看到了一个瑞士的菜市场。菜市上菜品干净丰富，看了一下价格，比我们国内贵好多，……。
On the lake near capel's covered bridge, we saw a Swiss vegetable market. The food on the market is clean and rich. After looking at the price, it is much more expensive than in our country.
我们还游览了琉森的“濒死的狮子像”，它是世界著名的雕像之一，1821年由丹麦雕刻家巴特尔 托瓦尔森设计完成。
中世纪的瑞士雇佣兵以英勇善战而著称。“濒死的琉森狮子”是为了纪念1792年法国大革命，为保护巴黎杜乐丽宫中的法国国王路易十六和玛丽王后而战死的786名瑞士雇佣兵。在石像上方刻着拉丁文“献给忠诚和勇敢的瑞士”，下方刻字标明惨剧发生的时间：1792年8月10日和9月2日、3日。整座纪念碑充满了强烈的艺术感染力，同时，其意也在祈求世界的和平，……。
We also visited Ryukyu Sen's 'dying lion image', which is one of the world famous statues and was designed and completed by Danish sculptor Bartel Thorvaldsen in 1821.
Medieval Swiss mercenaries were famous for their bravery and good fighting. 'The dying Ryukyu Lion' is a memorial to the 786 Swiss mercenaries who died in 1792 in the French Revolution to protect French kings Louis XVI and Queen Mary in the Dulles Palace in Paris. On top of the statue is engraved Latin 'dedicated to loyal and brave Switzerland', and on the bottom is inscribed the date of the tragedy: August 10, 1792 and September 2 and 3. The whole monument is full of strong artistic appeal. At the same time, its meaning is to pray for world peace.
“濒死的琉森狮子”雕刻在一山崖洞中。洞中由天然岩石雕刻成的雄狮长10米、高3米，它受伤后痛苦和哀伤地倒在地上，肩头插着折断的利箭，前爪按着盾牌和长矛，盾牌上有瑞士的国徽。
美国作家马克-吐温把“濒死的琉森狮子”誉为“世界上最悲壮和最感人的雕像”，……。
The 'dying Ryukyu lion' was carved in a cliff cave. The lion carved out of natural rocks in the cave is 10 meters long and 3 meters high. It fell to the ground in pain and sorrow after being injured. It had a broken sharp arrow on its shoulder, and its front paws were pressed against its shield and spear, on which was the national emblem of Switzerland.
American writer Mark Twain praised 'the dying Ryukyu Lion' as 'the most solemn and stirring statue in the world'.
施坦斯小镇是瑞士下瓦尔登州的首府，位于阿尔卑斯山石丹峰脚下，人口仅有7300人，但它是整个瓦尔登山谷最古老的定居点之一，……。
Steins is the capital of the Swiss state of Lower Valden, located at the foot of Mount Shidan in the Alps, with a population of only 7,300. However, it is one of the oldest settlements in the entire Val Mountaineering Valley.
8月27日，我们到达了琉森附近的瑞士的石丹峰山下的施坦斯小镇，在这里可乘特色的复古的小火车（建于1891-1893年），去美丽的石丹峰峰顶上去游览。
小火车所经过的山坡田野上是围起的绿草茵茵的牧场，草场上还有很多收割并已打好捆的牧草，不知道是准备送饲养场还是准备的冬储的草料。
广阔的牧场上还散布着一些瑞士特色的民居。
On August 27th, we arrived at the small town of Steins at the foot of Shidanfeng Mountain in Switzerland near Lucerne, where we can take the characteristic retro train (built in 1891-1893) and visit the beautiful Shidanfeng Peak.
The hillside fields where the small train passes are surrounded by green pastures, and there are many harvested and bundled grasses on the pastures. I don't know whether to send them to the farm or prepare the forage for winter storage.
There are also some houses with Swiss characteristics scattered on the vast pasture.
小火车开上了半山腰，又要换乘双层悬空缆车继续登山。这种缆车一次可乘载60人，是世界上唯一的双层露天缆车，随着缆车的上升，一幅幅美景从身边缓缓掠过，……。
双层缆车分为上下两层，一道螺旋型弦梯可登上第二层。缆车开放性的第二层的视野特开阔，环望四周，一切美景净收眼底，据说这种双层观光缆车是瑞士人的独创，……。
The small train was halfway up the mountain and had to change to a double-deck suspended cable car to continue climbing. This kind of cable car can carry 60 people at a time. It is the only double deck open-air cable car in the world. As the cable car rises, beautiful scenes slowly pass by.
The double-deck cable car is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, and a spiral string ladder can ascend to the second layer. The second floor of the cable car, which is open to the outside world, has a very wide view. It is said that this double-deck sightseeing cable car was originally created by the Swiss.
一遍遍的山林在缆车下掠过。
随着缆车的升高，视野更加的开阔，远处还可见葱绿的山林和连绵的山脉，它们一起编织出了美丽的瑞士乡村山野的奇丽景观，像一幅瑞士的田原山水风景画展现在了我们的眼前，……。
Over and over again, the mountains pass under the cable car.
With the rise of the cable car, the vision is wider, and green mountains and rolling mountains can be seen in the distance. Together, they weave the beautiful landscape of Shan Ye in the Swiss countryside, which is like a Swiss Tianyuan landscape painting exhibition before our eyes.
双层观光缆车到达了石丹峰的山顶。
石丹峰是阿尔卑斯山的一座山峰，峰顶海拔1,898米，它是瑞士最佳的观景台之一，在这里可以饱览山下瑞士的秀丽山水风光，……。
登上石丹峰后，可以远望到山下的四森林州湖(卢塞恩湖)、楚格湖、萨恩湖等的十个湖泊；同时，还可远望并欣赏到铁力士、皮拉图斯、瑞吉、少女峰等众多白色（雪山）和绿色的阿尔卑斯名山，……。
The double-deck sightseeing cable car reached the top of Shidan Peak.
Shidan Peak is a mountain peak in the Alps, with a peak elevation of 1,898 meters. It is one of the best viewing platforms in Switzerland, where you can enjoy the beautiful scenery of Switzerland below the mountain, ......
After climbing Mount Shidan, you can have a distant view of the ten lakes below the mountain, including the Four Forest State Lakes (Lake Lucerne), Lake Chug, and Lake Saen. At the same time, you can also see and appreciate many white (snowy mountains) and green alpine mountains such as Tielux, Piratus, Reggie and Shaonvfeng.
这是石丹峰山顶上的一视野开阔的观景平台。这观景平台建的如此的美妙，在山下优美的风光的衬托下，这观景平台自然也成了石丹峰景区一摄动人心的景点，……。
This is a viewing platform with a wide view on the top of Shidan Peak. This viewing platform is built so beautifully that, against the backdrop of the beautiful scenery at the foot of the mountain, this viewing platform has naturally become a disturbing sight in Shidan Peak.
山顶上有一个隆多拉玛旋转餐厅，这座星型建筑物的设计的风格温馨独特，餐厅中有70个座位的是可旋转的；另外还有130个座位也是靠窗的。
当你在餐厅中用餐时，可一边用餐，一边观尝阿尔卑斯山的美景。特别是你在旋转餐位上用餐时，不同方位的美观将在您身边缓缓掠过，另有一番情趣，……。
On the top of the mountain there is a Lundora revolving restaurant. The star-shaped building has a warm and unique design. The 70-seat restaurant is rotatable. Another 130 seats are also by the .
When you eat in a restaurant, you can eat at the same time. While enjoying the beauty of the Alps. Especially when you eat on the revolving table, the beauty of different positions will pass by you slowly, and there will be another interest, ......
石丹峰虽然不高，但站在山顶的观景台上远眺，在这里，你可看到100公里外的阿尔卑斯山，并将连绵起伏的阿尔卑斯山风光净收眼底。在晴朗的日子里，还甚至可以远眺到远方的法国的沃斯杰山和德国的黑森林。
向下看：你可看见瑞士迷人的乡村景观和远眺到卢塞恩市的美景。那山下山脉迤延，田野茵茵，湖泊碧绿，星落棋布的民居散布其间。您可以眺望到那10片湖泊，看见那秀丽的山峦田野环绕着湖水，云雾缭绕，真感到有人间仙境之美感。那美丽的景色如同一幅迷人的山水风景画，……。
Although Shidan Peak is not high, you can overlook it from the viewing platform on the top of the mountain. Here, you can see the Alps 100 kilometers away and get a clear view of the rolling Alps. On a clear day, you can even overlook the distant Vostok Mountains in France and the black forests in Germany.
Look down: You can see the charming rural landscape of Switzerland and the beautiful scenery overlooking Lucerne. The mountain range below the mountain stretches, the fields are green, the lakes are green, and the residential houses scattered all over it. You can look out at the 10 lakes, and see the beautiful mountains and fields surrounded by the lake water, and the mist fills the air. You really feel the beauty of a fairyland on earth. The beautiful scenery is like a charming landscape.
石丹峰是当地人重要的休闲旅游景区，他们常在节假日来这里爬山，游玩或溜溜狗，……。
由于它奇丽独特的风光，也吸引了世界各地游人前来游览，……。
Shidan Peak is an important leisure and tourist attraction for local people. They often come here on holidays to climb mountains, play or walk dogs.
Because of its unique scenery, it has also attracted tourists from all over the world to visit ….
下午，我们到达了瑞士南部城市——卢加诺，它是瑞士南边与意大利接壤的一湖边乐园城市，是瑞士和不少欧洲人度假的首选之地，……。
In the afternoon, we arrived in Lugano, a city in southern Switzerland, which is a lakeside paradise on the southern border with Italy. It is the first choice for Switzerland and many Europeans to spend their holidays.
卢加诺街上特色的小火车巴士，……。
The special minibus on Lugano Street, ......
卢加诺在美丽的卢加湖畔，它不但环境优美、而且气候也宜人，即使冬季也充满温暖的阳光。它的市区内多为意大利风格的建筑物并拥有众多的珠宝店。
在这里的意大利风格的建筑的城区漫步和处于地中海气候环境下且景色怡人的卢加诺湖边悠闲，使人感到另有一番情趣，……。
Lugano is on the beautiful lake Lugano. It has a beautiful environment and a pleasant climate. Even in winter, it is full of warm sunshine. Most of its downtown areas are Italian-style buildings and have numerous jewelry stores.
The stroll in the Italian-style architecture of the city and the leisurely stroll along the picturesque Lugano Lake in the Mediterranean climate make people feel a little more interesting.
在阳光下，我们坐在湖边的长凳上，一边吃着从国内带来的八宝粥、饼干和附近超市中购卖的水果（这顿午餐是自理），一边欣尝着这里的湖光美景，……。
In the sunshine, we sat on the bench by the lake, eating eight treasures porridge, biscuits brought from home and fruits purchased from the nearby supermarket (this lunch is self-care), while enjoying the beautiful scenery of the lake, ......
2019年8月28日，我们来到了意大利的比萨，……。
比萨是意大利的文化名城，它在罗马帝国时代就是当时代重要的海军基地和商港，中世纪时曾经是非常繁荣的海港。
On August 28, 2019, we came to Pisa, Italy.
Pisa is a famous cultural city in Italy. It was an important naval base and commercial port in the Roman Empire and was once a very prosperous seaport in the Middle Ages.
比萨斜塔在一古城墙内，来自世界各国的游客络绎不绝，……。
The Leaning Tower of Pisa is within an ancient city wall. Tourists from all over the world come in an endless stream.
古墙根下有不少的小铺，小店内各种商品玲琅满目，……。
There are many small shops under the ancient wall. There are many kinds of goods in the shop.
比萨斜塔是世界著名的景观之一，也是意大利的重要的标志之一。斜塔塔高54.5米，是8层圆柱形建筑，顶层为钟楼，全部采用大理石建造，造型古朴而秀巧，是罗马式建筑范本。它的倾斜以及建筑特色使得比萨斜塔有着独一无二的美丽，被誉为中世纪七大建筑奇迹之一。
早在公元1590年，因它的倾斜的独特的条件，伽利略曾经在比萨斜塔上做了一个自由落体实验，并推翻了亚里士多德的观点。也由于伽利略的这次自由落体实验，更使比萨斜塔蜚声海外，因此 吸引来了大量世界各国的游客。每年都有80万游客来到塔下，给当地带来了繁荣，……。
The Leaning Tower of Pisa is one of the world's famous landscapes and one of Italy's important symbols. The inclined tower, 54.5m high, is an 8-story cylindrical building with a bell tower on the top floor. It is all made of marble and has a simple and elegant shape. It is a model Roman building. Its inclination and architectural features make the Leaning Tower of Pisa unique and beautiful, and it is known as one of the seven architectural wonders of the Middle Ages.
As early as 1590 AD, Galileo made a free fall experiment on the Leaning Tower of Pisa and overturned Aristotle's view because of its unique condition of inclination. Also, Galileo's free fall experiment made the Leaning Tower of Pisa famous overseas, thus attracting a large number of tourists from all over the world. Every year, 800,000 tourists come to the tower, bringing prosperity to the area.
但是，比萨斜塔还在继续偏移，使其危危可芨，为了挽救这座著名建筑不至倒塌，意大利政府采取了种种保护措施。
早在1930年，塔基周围就被灌浆加固；1973年又禁止在以斜塔为中心半径1.5公里的范围内抽水。可是，塔顶中心点偏离垂直中心线的距离还是由落成时的2.1米增加至5.2米，而且还以每年倾斜1cm的速度继续增加，随时都有倒塌的危险。据说，为此意大利当局从1990年起对对斜塔进行维修纠偏，2001年竣工，使塔顶中心点偏离垂直中心线的距离比纠偏前减少了43.8cm。
However, the Leaning Tower of Pisa continues to shift, making it dangerous. In order to save this famous building from collapse, the Italian government has taken various protective measures.
As early as 1930, the foundation was reinforced by grouting. In 1973, it was forbidden to pump water within a radius of 1.5 kilometers centered on the inclined tower. However, the distance from the center point of the tower top to the vertical center line has increased from 2.1 meters to 5.2 meters at the time of completion, and it continues to increase at a rate of 1cm per year, threatening to collapse at any time. It is said that, for this reason, the Italian authorities began to repair and rectify the inclined tower in 1990 and completed it in 2001, which reduced the distance from the center point of the tower top to the vertical center line by 43.8cm compared with that before the rectification.
全副武装的军警正在保护着斜塔，……。
Armed police are protecting the tower.
多珍贵精美的历史建筑啊，倒塌了真的可惜，正努力把它扶正，……。嘻嘻嘻！能行吗？
What a precious and exquisite historical building, it is really a pity that it collapsed. Efforts are being made to strengthen it. Hee hee! Can you do it?
其是，比萨斜塔只是意大利比萨城大教堂的独立式钟楼，它们的外墙面均为大理石砌成，各自相对独立，但又形成统一的罗马式建筑风格。
比萨斜塔和比萨大教堂都坐落在奇迹广场上，在这块广场的草坪上散布着的这组宗教建筑中，除了钟楼（即比萨斜塔）和比萨大教堂（建造于1063年—13世纪）外，还有比萨洗礼堂（建造于1153年—14世纪）和墓园（建造于1174年）。1987年，比萨斜塔和相邻的大教堂、洗礼堂、墓园一起，被联合国科教文组织评选为世界遗产，成了世界著名的景观之一。
The Leaning Tower of Pisa is only the independent bell tower of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa. Its outer walls are all made of marble. They are relatively independent but form a unified Roman architectural style.
The Leaning Tower of Pisa and the Cathedral of Pisa are both located on Miracle Square. In this group of religious buildings scattered on the lawn of this square, besides the bell tower (the Leaning Tower of Pisa) and the Cathedral of Pisa (built in 1063-13th century), there are also the Baptism Church of Pisa (built in 1153-14th century) and the cemetery (built in 1174). In 1987, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, together with its neighboring cathedrals, baptism halls and cemeteries, was selected as a world heritage by UNESCO and became one of the world's famous landscapes.
比萨大教堂，是为了纪念本城的守护神——圣母玛利亚而建的，是意大利罗马式教堂建筑的典型代表。它始建于1063年，是由雕塑家布斯凯托·皮萨谨主持设计的，教堂外墙使用红白相间的大理石砌成，这使整个设计精美的教堂显的色彩鲜明。
大教堂在建筑上呈拉丁十字形，它分为5个殿，半圆形的正殿上面覆盖的穹顶呈橄榄状，教堂大厅中的大吊灯叫“伽利略吊灯”。大教堂正立面高约32米，底层入口处有三扇大铜门，门上刻有描绘圣母和耶稣生平事迹的罗马风格浮雕，非常精美。 特别是现在成为入口的波南诺皮萨诺建造的大门，是意大利罗马风格雕塑的代表作，特别值得旅游时留心鉴尝，……。
Pisa cathedral, built in memory of the city's patron saint, the virgin Mary, is a typical representative of Italian Roman church architecture. It was built in 1063 and was designed by sculptor Booth Kaito Pisa. The exterior wall of the church is made of red and white marble, which makes the whole beautifully designed church colorful.
The cathedral is a Latin cross in architecture. It is divided into five halls. The dome covering the semicircular main hall is olive-shaped. The big chandelier in the church hall is called Galileo chandelier. The front elevation of the cathedral is about 32 meters high. There are three large bronze doors at the entrance to the ground floor. The doors are engraved with Roman relief depicting the life of the Virgin and Jesus. It is very exquisite. In particular, the gate built by Bonanno Pisano, now the entrance, is the representative work of Italian Roman sculpture, which is especially worth paying attention to when traveling.
比萨斜塔、比萨大教堂和比萨洗礼堂及墓园一起，曾被联合国科教文组织评选为世界遗产。比萨洗礼堂是走进广场后位于左手边的第一幢圆形建筑物，它始建于1153年，采用了罗马式和哥德式的混合风格修筑的，……。
The Leaning Tower of Pisa, Pisa Cathedral, Pisa Baptistery and Cemetery, together, have been selected as World Heritage by UNESCO. The Baptistery of Pisa is the first round building on the left after entering the square. It was built in 1153 and was built in a mixture of Roman and Gothic styles.
比萨洗礼堂拥有一个直径 35公尺的巨大圆顶和四座雕刻精美的大门，外部是乳白色的大理石，也满布精美的雕刻，显得十分精美。它的内部是像浴缸一样的大洗礼盆，是用来将身体浸入水中接受洗礼用的，……。
The Baptistery of Pisa has a huge dome with a diameter of 35 meters and four exquisitely carved gates. The exterior is ivory marble and is also covered with exquisitely carved works, making it very exquisite. Inside it is a large baptism basin like a bathtub, which is used to immerse the body in water for baptism.
下午，我们赶到了圣十字大教堂。圣十字大教堂是阿莫尔福·迪坎比奥于1294年开始设计和建造的，属于哥特式的建筑。
教堂的圆顶帕奇礼拜堂由布鲁内雷斯基所设计。礼拜堂里有阿鸟洛·加迪的壁画《圣十字架传说》，祭坛上有杰里尼作的画作《圣母和圣徒》。教堂内还有一些重量级名人的纪念碑和陵墓，例如：但丁、米开朗基罗、伽利略、马基维利、罗西尼等，因而被称为“意大利的先贤祠”，这是圣十字大教堂倍受瞩目的重要原因。
In the afternoon, we arrived at the holy cross cathedral. St. Cross Cathedral was designed and built by Morfaut Di cambio in 1294. It belongs to Gothic architecture.
The dome of the church, Pachi Chapel, was designed by Brunet Reski. In the chapel is the mural Legend of the Holy Cross by Aryolo Gadi, and on the altar is the painting Madonna and Saints by Gerini. There are also monuments and mausoleums of some heavyweight celebrities in the church, such as Dante, Michelangelo, Galileo, Machiavelli, Rossini and so on. Therefore, it is called 'Italy's Pantheon'. This is an important reason why the Holy Cross Cathedral has attracted much attention.
圣十字大教堂修筑的雄伟壮丽。教堂里有宽大的正偏三殿和八棱列柱；列柱上飞起大跨度的双沿尖顶连拱；后面有的哥特式钟楼。
大教堂正面墙上还有蓝色的六角星，这六角星原本是以色列大卫王的标识。其最顶部还有塑有一个十字架，有两位带翅膀的天使护卫着它，……。
The magnificence of the holy cross cathedral. The church has three large halls and eight columns. A long-span double-arch with spires rising from the columns; There are gothic clock towers in the back.
The front wall of the cathedral also has blue hexagonal stars, which were originally the symbols of King David of Israel. There is also a cross at the top, guarded by two winged angels.
圣十字大教堂广场上的鸽群，……。
The doves in the square of st. cross cathedral, ...
《但丁》雕像。
圣十字教堂一侧有《但丁》的雕像。它是亨利·帕兹的作品，《但丁》身后有一只煽翅欲飞的老鹰犀利地注视着他，基石上雕有四尊雄狮守……。
A statue of Dante.
There is a statue of Dante on one side of Holy Cross Church. It is the work of Henry Paz. Behind Dante, an eagle with wings fluttering is watching him sharply. Four lions are carved on the cornerstone.
但丁（1265-1321），是意大利早期文艺复兴时期最杰出的代表人物，出生于佛罗伦萨的一个贵族家庭。是一位在文学、哲学、神学、政治等领域都有非常建树的多元学者，最终成为了意大利的伟大诗人，现代意大利语的奠基者，是欧洲文艺复兴时代的开拓人物之一。
恩格斯对这杰出的人物的评价是：“封建的中世纪的终结和现代资本主义纪元的开端，是以一位大人物为标志的，这位人物就是意大利人但丁，他是中世纪的最后一位诗人，同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人”。
Dante (1265-1321), the most outstanding representative figure in the early Italian Renaissance, was born into a noble family in Florence. He is a pluralistic scholar who has made great achievements in literature, philosophy, theology, politics and other fields. He eventually became a great Italian poet, the founder of modern Italian, and one of the pioneering figures in the European Renaissance era.
Engels' evaluation of this outstanding figure is: 'the end of the feudal middle ages and the beginning of the modern capitalist era are marked by a great figure, this figure is Italian Dante, he is the last poet of the middle ages and the first poet of the new era.'
景区的建筑古典而优美，街区窄小，……。
The architecture of the scenic spot is classical and beautiful, the block is narrow, ….
据说但丁的故居就在这里，……。
It is said that Dante's former residence is here.
意大利巡警正在景区巡逻中，……。
Italian policemen are patrolling the scenic spots, ......
通过窄小而古典的小街，我们来到了佛罗伦萨市政广场，……。
佛罗伦萨市政广场始建于13、14世纪，它因为周围的精美古典的建筑而被认为是意大利最美的广场之一，它也称西尼奥列广场，……。
Through the narrow and classical streets, we came to Florence's municipal square.
Florence Municipal Square was built in the 13th and 14th centuries. It is considered as one of the most beautiful squares in Italy because of its exquisite and classical architecture. It is also called Sinho Square.
广场东南角有座高耸的城堡式建筑，它雄视着整个广场。这座城堡式的建筑叫韦奇奥宫，又称老宫。
中世纪时它是美第奇家族的宫殿；19世纪还做过意大利王国的外交部；现在是佛罗伦萨的市政厅，所以，广场也叫市政厅广场，……。
In the southeast corner of the square, there is a tall castle like building, which overlooks the whole square. This castle like building is called the palace of viccio, also known as the old palace.
In the middle ages, it was the palace of the Medici family; in the 19th century, it was also the Ministry of foreign affairs of the kingdom of Italy; now it is the city hall of Florence, so the square is also called the city hall square.
传统的行政中心老宫内和门口的 圆柱上，满布了精美的雕塑，……。
The traditional administrative center, the old palace and the columns at the gate, are full of exquisite sculptures.
传统的行政中心老宫的大门前，左右各有一尊雕塑精美的人物像石雕，……。
《海格力斯和凯克斯》雕像。
宫门大门的右侧，是由嫉妒心极强的巴齐奥·班迪内利创作的《海格力斯和凯克斯》的雕像。他当时一心想着超过米开朗基罗的《大卫》的雕像，虽然也得到了本应该属于米开朗基罗的这块大理石，但终究也无法达到米开朗基罗的水平，……。
In front of the gate of the old palace, the traditional administrative center, there is a statue of exquisite sculpture like stone carving on the left and right.
Statue of Hercules and Kekessz.
On the right side of the gate is a statue of Hercules and Kekessz created by jealous Bazio Bandinelli. At that time, he was bent on surpassing Michelangelo's statue of David. Although he also got the marble that should belong to Michelangelo, he could not reach Michelangelo's level after all.
《大卫》雕像。
大门左边是米开朗基罗的《大卫》雕像，它是1501年—1504年间意大利雕塑家米开朗基罗·博那罗蒂创作的大理石雕塑，现收藏于意大利佛罗伦萨美术学院，广场上的这款应为复制品。
该雕像有力地展现了一个年轻有力的裸体男子体态的健美、肌肉饱满和自然而且生机勃勃的形象。从而成为了西方美术史上箸名的男性裸体名雕像之一。
The statue of David.
On the left side of the gate is Michelangelo's statue of David. It is a marble sculpture created by Italian sculptor Michelangelo Buonarroti from 1501 to 1504. It is now collected in Florence Academy of Fine Arts, Italy. The sculpture on the square should be a replica.
The statue powerfully shows a young and powerful naked man with a strong, muscular, natural and vigorous figure. Therefore, it has become one of the famous male nude statues in western art history.
《琅琪敞廊》。
老宫的左侧是美丽的晚期哥特式风格的《琅琪敞廊》。
敞廊由本齐·迪乔内和西莫内·托冷蒂于1376—1382年建造。里面陈列着一组重要的雕塑作品。其中较著名的有切利尼的《帕尔修斯》(1554年)和章博洛尼亚的《海克力斯与半人马》等，……。
'Lang Qi Chang Lang'.
On the left side of the old palace is the beautiful late gothic style 'lang qi Chang lang'.
The open gallery was built by Benqi Dijone and simone Toretti in 1376-1382. There is a group of important sculptures on display. Among them, cellini's 'Perseus' (1554) and Bologna's 'Hercules and Centaur' are more famous.
《砍杀美杜莎的帕尔修斯》青铜像。
《砍杀美杜莎的帕尔修斯》青铜像，它是切利尼用十年时间创作的作品。
希腊神话英雄帕尔修斯右手持剑，左手高举美杜莎的头颅，脚下踩着美杜莎的尸体，鲜血从头颅和颈部涌出。这里展示是复制品，原作收藏在巴杰罗美术馆。
The bronze statue of Perseus who Killed Medusa.
The bronze statue of Perseus who Killed Medusa was created by cellini in ten years.
Greek Shinhwa hero Perseus holds a sword in his right hand, holds Medusa's head high in his left hand, and steps on Medusa's body. Blood gushes from his head and neck. The exhibition here is a replica, and the original works are collected in the Badgelo Art Museum.
《赫克里斯杀死半人马》雕像。
《赫克里斯杀死半人马》雕像，它是詹波隆那的作品。
这是希腊神话中古老的题材，好色的半人马诱拐新娘，奸淫女宾。大力神赫克里斯奋起战胜并杀死了好色的半人马，……。
The statue of Hercules Killing Centaur.
The statue of Hercules Killing Centaur is Giambologna's work.
This is an ancient theme in Greek Shinhwa, where lecherous centaurs abduct brides and rape female guests. Hercules rose up and defeated and killed the lecherous centaurs.
《墨湼拉俄斯扶起帕特洛克罗斯的身体》大理石雕塑像。
《墨湼拉俄斯扶起帕特洛克罗斯的身体》大理石雕塑像，是模仿公元前3世记帕加马原作的复制品，它是教皇庇护五世于1579年送给科西摩一世的礼物。
帕特洛克罗斯是战争中牺牲的希腊英雄之一，雕塑像显示墨湼拉俄斯夺回其尸体的情景，……。
Marble sculpture of 'Mejeraes Helping up Paltrocross's Body'.
The marble sculpture of 'Mogulas Helping up Paltrow Cross's Body' is a replica of the original Pagama in the Book of the 3rd BC. It was a gift from Pope Pope Pius V to Corsica I in 1579.
Patriarchate Cross was one of the Greek heroes who died in the war. The sculpture shows Mogulas recapturing his body.
《强夺波吕克塞娜》大理石雕塑像。
《强夺波吕克塞娜》大理石雕塑像，它来源于费迪创作的故事，记述了古希腊神话特洛伊战争中，希腊英雄阿喀琉斯抢掠特洛伊公主波吕克塞娜故事，……。
Marble sculpture of 'robbing paul luccena'
The Marble Sculpture 'Seize Brucksena' comes from the story created by Ferdinand, which tells the story of the Greek hero Achilles robbing the Trojan princess Brucksena during the Trojan War in Shinhwa in ancient Greece.
《强掳萨宾妇女》大理石雕塑像。
《强掳萨宾妇女》大理石雕塑像，它是詹波隆那创作于1529年---1608年的杰作。
这尊大理石雕塑像是用一块大理石将三个人物纠缠在一起，并呈螺旋上升姿势雕塑的。其中的男人被踩脚下；罗马人凶悍有力地抓住女子，被抢女子表情惊恐绝望的表情，人物神态逼真，令人震撼，……。
Marble sculpture of 'forced capture of Sabine women'.
Marble Sculpture of 'Forcible Seizure of Sabine Women' is a masterpiece created by Giambologna from 1529 to 1608.
This marble sculpture is like a sculpture in which three characters are intertwined with a piece of marble in a spiral upward posture. One of the men was trampled underfoot; The Romans violently and powerfully seized the woman, and the robbed woman's expression was horrified and despairing. The character's expression was vivid and shocking.
在敞廊后部有几尊女性大理石雕像，其中三尊可以确定为制作于古罗马从图拉真到哈德良时期，它们在1541年发现于罗马。
有文章说：这些都是萨宾妇女的雕像。萨宾妇女缔造了罗马的家庭，养育了后代，具有崇高地位，被尊称为“第一位母亲”。她们促进了罗马人和萨宾人融合，共创了罗马帝国。
There are several female marble statues at the back of the loggia, three of which can be identified as being made in ancient Rome from Trajan to Hadrian. They were found in Rome in 1541.
An article said: These are all statues of Sabine women. Sabine women created the Roman family, raised their offspring, and were honored as 'the first mother'. They promoted the integration of the Romans and Sabines and jointly created the Roman Empire.
在陈列雕塑的敞廊中间的台阶上，还陈列有两尊佛罗伦萨标志狮子的大理石雕像，……。
On the steps in the middle of the open gallery where the sculptures are displayed, there are also two marble statues of Florence-marked lions.
《海神喷泉》雕塑。
《大卫》雕塑的旁边不远处，有巴托洛米奥·阿曼纳蒂和他的助手们作的《海神喷泉》(1563—1575年)。
水池中的海马拉着的双轮战车上，站立着巨大的白色海神像，佛罗伦萨人称它为“大白雕”。此外，水池四周还有几个形态各异的青铜人物雕像相衬，……。
Sculpture of Neptune Fountain.
Not far from the David sculpture is the Fountain of the Sea (1563-1575) by Bartolomeo Ammannati and his aides.
On the chariot of Haimala in the pool stood a huge white statue of Poseidon, which Florence called the 'White Carving'. In addition, there are several bronze figures in different shapes around the pool.
《科西摩一世骑马像》塑像。
喷泉的北边广场中央，竖立着章博洛尼亚1594年作的《科西摩一世骑马像》塑像。塑像似乎展现出了科西摩一世神态威严地、精神抖擞地骑着马，巡视在四周都是精美古典建筑的广场上？……。
Statue of Cosimo I on horseback.
In the center of the square to the north of the fountain stands a statue of Corsica I, made by Bologna in 1594. The statue seems to show Cosimo I riding his horse with dignity and energy, touring the square surrounded by exquisite classical buildings? ……。
景区还有特色的马车游，在四周优美古典建筑的氛围中，可以使人们感到仿佛回到了中世记，……。
The scenic spot also features a carriage tour, which can make people feel as if they have returned to the Middle Ages in the atmosphere of beautiful classical buildings.
穿过一条曲折的小街，我们又来到了箸名的圣母百花大教堂景区，……。
圣母百花大教堂，又名花之圣母大教堂和佛罗伦萨大教堂，是世界五大教堂之一。而佛罗伦萨在意大利语中，也有花之都的意思，……。
Through a winding street, we came to the famous scenic spot of the virgin Mary and Baihua cathedral.
Notre Dame and Hundred Flowers Cathedral, also known as Notre Dame of Flowers and Florence Cathedral, is one of the five cathedrals in the world. Florence also means 'capital of flowers' in Italian.
这座大教堂设计精美，在建筑中，又使用了白、红、绿三色花岗岩贴面。这座由白色、粉红、绿色的大理石按几何图案装饰起来的美丽的大教堂建成后，显的非常的富丽堂皇，……。
The cathedral is exquisitely designed, and in the building, white, red and green granite veneers are used. This beautiful cathedral decorated with white, pink and green marble according to geometric patterns is very magnificent after being built.
圣母百花大教堂顶上有一个大型的金黄色的园顶，它和古典壮丽的大教堂的建筑完美的结合在一起。这就是天才的建筑师布鲁涅内斯基仿罗马万神殿设计的圣母百花大教堂的大圆顶，是继罗马万神庙之后的又一大圆顶。
There is a large golden roof on the top of Notre Dame Baihua Cathedral, which is perfectly combined with the architecture of the classical magnificent cathedral. This is the dome of the Cathedral of Notre Dame and Hundred Flowers designed by talented architect Brunesecke in imitation of the Roman Pantheon. It is another dome after the Roman Pantheon.
1367年，佛罗伦萨市由全民投票决定：在教堂中殿十字交叉点上建造直径43.7米，高52米的八角形圆顶。这一建筑最后由布鲁涅内斯基设计筑造完成，是古典艺术与当时科学的完美结合，连教皇也惊叹这个建筑像“神话一般”。
布鲁涅内斯基去世后，他的墓就在埋葬在教堂地下。教堂广场上有他的手的塑像，手指指向他的最心爱的圆顶，佛仿是在告诉游人们，不要忘了观尝他的杰作——教堂中殿上的他建造的美丽壮观的金黄色的大圆顶！
In 1367, Florence was decided by referendum to build an octagonal dome with a diameter of 43.7 meters and a height of 52 meters at the cross junction of the nave of the church. The building was finally designed and built by Brunesesky, which is a perfect combination of classical art and science at that time. Even the Pope marveled at the building as 'Shinhwa'.
After Brunesesky died, his tomb was buried under the church. There is a statue of his hand on the church square, with his finger pointing to his favorite dome. Faux is telling visitors not to forget to look at his masterpiece, the magnificent golden dome he built on the temple in the church!
圆顶内部有瓦萨里所绘制的穹顶画《末日审判》；大厅墙壁上还有壁画《乔凡尼·阿古托纪念碑》和为纪念但丁诞辰200年所绘的《但丁与神曲》。同时，里面还满布有其它的精美的浮雕艺术品，……。
当你登上教堂北侧的463级台阶到达圆屋顶，就可以俯瞰到整个佛罗伦萨老城区美丽的街景，……。
Inside the dome is the dome painting 'Doomsday Judgment' drawn by vasari. On the wall of the hall are murals 'Giovanni Aguto Monument' and 'Dante and Divine Comedy' painted to commemorate Dante's 200th birthday. At the same time, it is also full of other exquisite relief works, ......
When you climb the 463 steps on the north side of the church to reach the dome, you can overlook the beautiful streetscape of Florence's old city.
“圣母百花大教堂钟塔”。
“圣母百花大教堂钟塔”是由大画家乔托于1334年设计并监工修筑的，故又称“乔托钟塔”。“乔托塔楼”比例匀称修长，外墙铺白色大理石，表面布满精心设计的拼贴图案和繁复的浮雕，显得纯净优雅。在晴天的阳光下，塔楼上的洁白的花岗岩在阳光下熠熠生辉，十分引人注目。
钟塔高达85米，当你爬上钟楼后，便可远眺佛罗伦萨老城区街景，以及圣母百花大教堂的标志性红色圆顶等美丽的景观，……。
The belfry of the Cathedral of the lady of all flowers.
The bell tower of Notre Dame's hundred flowers cathedral was designed and built by Giotto in 1334, so it is also called 'Giotto bell tower'. 'Giotto tower' has a well proportioned and long building. The exterior wall is paved with white marble. The surface is covered with well-designed collage patterns and complex reliefs, which is pure and elegant. In the sunshine of sunny day, the white granite on the tower is shining in the sunshine, which is very eye-catching.
The tower is 85 meters high. When you climb up the tower, you can have a panoramic view of the streets of Florence's old city, as well as the landmark red dome of Notre Dame's hundred flowers cathedral and other beautiful landscapes.
乔托钟楼共有五层，其中第一层四面都是由乔托设计的浮雕，描绘了人类起源以及人类的生活的内容。完成第一层后乔托即去世了，后来的二至四层的建设，都是按照乔托的图纸来完成的，也装饰有大量浮雕。第五层则为挂大钟之处。整个钟楼建筑非常地宏伟壮观。
圣母百花大教堂钟塔是圣母百花大教堂的建筑群的组成部分之一。这个建筑群由大教堂、钟塔与洗礼堂构成，它们一起于1982年作为佛罗伦萨历史中心的一部分，被列入了世界文化遗产，……。
The clock tower of Giotto has five floors. The first floor has relief sculpture designed by Giotto on all sides, depicting the origin of human beings and the content of human life. After completing the first floor, Giotto died. The subsequent construction of the second to fourth floors was completed according to Giotto's drawings and was decorated with a large number of reliefs. The fifth floor is where the big clock is hung. The whole bell tower building is very magnificent.
The bell tower of Notre Dame Baihua Cathedral is one of the building groups of Notre Dame Baihua Cathedral. This building complex consists of a cathedral, a bell tower and a baptistery. Together, they were included in the world cultural heritage in 1982 as part of Florence's historical center.
“圣母百花大教堂洗礼堂”。
“圣母百花大教堂洗礼堂”又名“圣乔凡尼洗礼堂”，于大教堂西边。它7世纪即已建成，11世纪经过改建，现为白色的八角形罗曼式洗礼堂建筑。
佛罗伦萨的孩童均在此受洗，其中包括但丁、马基雅弗利等名人。洗礼堂三扇铜门上都刻有《旧约》故事的青铜浮雕，其中第三扇为吉伯提所作，被米开朗基罗赞为“天国之门”，……。
'Baptism Hall of Notre Dame and Hundred Flowers Cathedral'.
The Baptistery of the Cathedral of Notre Dame and Hundred Flowers, also known as the Baptistery of Saint Giovanni, is located to the west of the cathedral. It was completed in the 7th century and rebuilt in the 11th century. It is now a white octagonal romanesque architecture Baptistery.
Florence's children were baptized here, including celebrities such as Dante and Machiavelli. The bronze reliefs of Old Testament stories are engraved on the three bronze doors of the Baptistery. The third door was made by Giberti and praised by Michelangelo as 'the gate of heaven'.
“圣乔万尼洗礼堂”上的“天国之门”在洗礼堂的东面，是三座青铜大门中的一座，正对着圣母百花教堂。
“天国之门”是吉贝尔蒂花费了27年的时间完成的，他将亚当夏娃偷吃禁果被逐出伊甸园、亚伯拉罕用以撒献祭等十个圣经旧约故事雕塑在了青铜大门上的十个小格内，并贴有薄金，使十个故事雕塑显得金光灿灿，……。
The 'Heavenly Gate' on the 'Saint Giovanni Baptistery' is one of the three bronze gates to the east of the Baptistery, facing the Church of Notre Dame and Flowers.
'The Gate of Heavenly Kingdom' was completed by ghiberti in 27 years. He carved ten Old Testament stories such as Adam and Eve's eating forbidden fruit and being expelled from the Garden of Eden, Abraham's offering sacrifices and so on into ten small compartments on the bronze gate, and pasted them with thin gold, making the ten story sculptures look golden, ......
“天国之门”长年关闭以供游客参观，游客现在看到的浮雕只是复制品，原作收藏在圣母百花教堂地下博物馆内。
The 'Heavenly Gate' has been closed for tourists for many years. The reliefs tourists now see are only reproductions. The original works are stored in the underground museum of the Church of Notre Dame and Hundred Flowers.
参观完了“圣母百花大教堂景区”后，我们的旅游大车赶回了意大利的罗马市，并在预定好的四星级酒店下了塌。酒店的环境优美，走道和大厅中都挂着多幅油画艺术作品，艺术气氛比较浓，……。
After visiting the 'Notre Dame and Hundred Flowers Cathedral Scenic Area', our tour cart returned to Rome, Italy, and collapsed at the reserved four-star hotel. The hotel's environment is beautiful. There are many oil paintings hanging in the walkways and halls. The artistic atmosphere is quite strong.
2019年8月29日晨，我们享用了酒店提供的丰富可口的早餐甜点后，就赶到了意大利罗马机场，并乘上了四川航空公司的飞向中国成都市的航班，……。
On the morning of August 29, 2019, after enjoying the rich and delicious breakfast desserts provided by the hotel, we arrived at Rome airport, Italy, and took the Sichuan airlines flight to Chengdu city, China.
在飞机上，我们吃上了丰盛可口的中国式的机上晚餐，这时，我们就有了己经回到了家乡的感觉，……。
On the plane, we had a sumptuous and delicious Chinese on-board dinner. At this moment, we felt that we had returned to our hometown.
8月30日黎明前，我们的飞机已降落到了成都市的双流机场，回到了家乡四川，……。
Before August 30 in Leon Lai Ming, our plane had landed at Shuangliu Airport in Chengdu and returned to our hometown of Sichuan.
—— 后 记 （Post） ——
2019年暑假期间，家人在网上订下了去欧洲四国游的订单后，不久就接到了旅游团的成团通知，并按通知完成了出境旅游的各种手续后，我们随团去了欧洲的意大利、瑞士、德国和法国四国旅游，途中留下了近1千张照片，……。
近期，面对众多照片，我产生了编辑成一个相关游记的想法，以保存这些照片并留下我们欧洲四国游的美好的回忆。之后，虽然略感精力不足，但我仍陆续地查找资料，努力整理，最后成稿于“美篇”之上。此间，对在本游记编辑时提供过一些相关照片帮助的老伴和旅游团“十号家庭???”，以及对本游记提供过赞尝支持的旅游团“@五号家庭荣洪德”和“@15号家庭慢慢”等团友在此表示感谢！
During the summer vacation of 2019, after the family placed an online order to travel to four countries in Europe, they soon received the notification of the tour group. after completing various formalities for outbound travel according to the notification, we went to Italy, Switzerland, Germany and France in Europe with the tour group, leaving nearly 1,000 photos on the way.
Recently, in the face of many photos, I had the idea of editing into a related travel book, in order to save these photos and leave us with good memories of our four European countries. After that, although I felt a little lack of energy, I still searched for the data one after another and tried my best to sort it out. The final draft was above the 'beautiful article'. Here, I would like to express my thanks to my wife and tour group 'family 10' who provided some photo help during the editing of this travel note, as well as the tour groups 'family 5 ronghunde' and 'family 15 slowly' who provided praise and support for this travel note.
看了游记后，旅游团的一些朋友和我都有了重现欧洲四国游的感觉。因为旅游期间，由于由时间紧，导游不可能每个景点都能详细讲解，故不少景点有点“走马观花”。回家后，通过对我们旅游过的景区的资料的搜索和相关照片的编辑，故对这些旅游景区有了更系统、更深层次的了解和体会，感到受益匪浅，……。
但是， 由于本人的水平有限，游记中不可能面面俱到，难免有不到之处，请各位团友谅解。最后，希望游记能对没有去过欧洲四国游的朋友们在看过了本游记后，在对欧洲四国的一些景区和风土人情的了解中，能有一定的帮助。同时，希望游记也能使正在和要去欧洲四国旅游的朋友们看过后，能对游览中的一些景区有一些初步的了解，从而提高旅游质量，……。
After reading the travel notes, some of the tour group's friends and I had the feeling of recreating the tour of four European countries. During the tour, the tour guide could not explain every scenic spot in detail due to time constraints, so many scenic spots were a bit 'cursory'. After returning home, through searching the information of the scenic spots we visited and editing the relevant photos, we have a more systematic and deeper understanding and experience of these scenic spots, and feel that we have benefited a lot.
However, due to my limited level, it is impossible to cover all aspects of travel notes and there are unavoidably some problems. Please understand. Finally, I hope that the travel notes can be of some help to friends who have not been to four European countries in understanding some scenic spots and local conditions and customs of the four European countries after reading the travel notes. At the same time, it is hoped that the travel notes will also enable friends who are traveling to four European countries to have a preliminary understanding of some scenic spots in the tour, thus improving the quality of the tour, ......
——<>——<>——<<>>——<>——<>——
(本文英语翻译来自于网络，有不足之处请谅。
本文有几张图片和部分资料来自于相关网络，在此对原作者表示感谢。如侵犯了您的权利，请联系本作者后可删除。）
(the English translation of this article comes from the Internet. Please forgive me for any shortcomings.
In this paper, several pictures and some materials are from the related network. I would like to thank the original author. If it violates your rights, please contact the author and delete it.)
——<>——<>——<<>>——<>——<>——
版权声明：
本文可以原文分享。但本文中的原创图片，末经本人同意，不得引用。
Copyright statement:
This article can be shared in the original text. However, the original pictures in this article shall not be quoted without my consent.
——<>——<>——<<>>——<>——<>——